Banks of the Philippines

Introduction

Banks of the Philippines is a payment method which allows you to process payments Philippine pesos by using bank accounts in the Philippines. This method supports purchases and payouts.

This article provides information about working with the Banks of the Philippines method: general insights are presented in the Overview section, while information about the actions required to process payments and perform other actions is presented in the sections that follow.

General information

Interaction diagram

Payment processing by using the Banks of the Philippines method involves the merchant's web service, one of ecommpay interfaces, the ecommpay payment platform, and technical facilities of one of the bank services which works with this payment method.

Operations support

Various platform interfaces can be used to process payments and perform operations using the Banks of the Philippines method. Purchases can be processed by using Payment Page, Gate and Dashboard (using payment links), payouts—by using Gate and Dashboard. At the same time, regardless of the interfaces used, the following properties and limitations are applicable.

When working with the Banks of the Philippines the following properties and limitations are applicable.

* To request a full or partial refund, customer needs to submit the online refund form.

Processing scenarios

To perform a purchase by using the Banks of the Philippines method, you need to redirect the customer to the Banks of the Philippines service, to process a payout, you need to notify the customer via the web service.

The customer payment scenario via Payment Page (in the basic case where the customer chooses the method and bank and is redirected from the final page of the payment form to the web service) looks like this.

Figure: Proceeding to payment

Figure: Selecting method

Figure: Selecting bank

Figure: Authentication

Figure: Confirming payment

Figure: Redirecting to the payment form

Figure: Redirecting to the web service

General scenarios of processing purchases and payouts can be presented as follows.

Figure: Purchase by using Payment Page

Figure: Purchase by using Gate

Figure: Payout by using Gate

At the same time, the specifics of working with the method include the necessity of selecting a bank for each payment. When Payment Page is used for payment processing, the customer usually selects a bank while already in the payment form. When Payment Page is opened with the method and bank preselected as well as when payments are initiated through Gate, the bank must be selected on the side of the web service and the identifier of this bank must be specified in requests. Possible options for bank selection when working with Payment Page are described in Purchases by using Payment Page, ways of using bank identifiers—in the next subsection, Supported banks.

At the same time, different options for selecting a bank are supported for payments by using this method; they are described in the Purchases by using Payment Page section of this article.

Supported banks

The following table lists the names and identifiers of banks supported by the Banks of the Philippines method. Each of banks has its own ID that identifies the bank in the request of payout by using Gate, as well as each of banks has its own code that identifies the bank in callbacks.

Since the list of available banks may change over time, it is recommended to send a POST request to the /v2/info/banks/philippines/payout/list (for payouts) or /v2/info/banks/philippines/sale/list (for purchases) endpoints to obtain up-to-date information. These endpoints belong to the /v2/info/banks/{payment_method}/{operationType}/list group of the Gate API. The request must contain the project and payment identifiers, signature, currency code, and payment amount, as shown in the example. Specify real payment data if possible. However, random values are also allowed.

{
  "general": {
    "project_id": 200,
    "payment_id": "ORDER_155860015",
    "signature": "K6jllym+PtObocZtr345st...=="
  },
  "payment": {
    "amount": 1000,
    "currency": "PHP"
  }
}

General information

To process a purchase through Payment Page by using the Banks of the Philippines method, the merchant's web service is required to send a request with all required parameters and signature to the ecommpay URL and receive a callback with the result. At the same time, various options are available for choosing a method and a bank by specifying the appropriate parameters in requests. The full sequence and special aspects of purchase processing are provided below.

Generally, when a customer confirms their intention to pay on the side of the web service, they are redirected to Payment Page where they select the payment method and, in the case of working with the Banks of the Philippines method, additionally select one of the available banks. However, in some situations, other options for choosing a payment method and bank may be relevant. For example, upon opening Payment Page, you can immediately redirect the customer to the bank selection page or limit the list of supported banks for a particular payment and display only target bank selection buttons to the customer. The specific option of selecting the payment method and bank is determined depending on the parameters specified in the request for opening Payment Page (more details Request format). The following options are available:

• 1—when the payment form is opened, it sequentially displays separate pages for selecting a method and a bank. Then the customer selects the method and the bank (this option is used by default).
• 2—when the payment form is opened, the buttons for selecting other methods and banks supported by this method are displayed on one page. Then the customer selects one of these banks.
• 3—when the payment form is opened, it displays a page with buttons for selecting all available banks for this method. Then the customer selects one of these banks.
• 4—when the payment form is opened, it displays a page with buttons for selecting only specific banks supported by this method. Then the customer selects one of these banks.
• 5—when the payment form is opened, it displays a page requesting confirmation of redirection to the service of the specific bank. Then the customer confirms the redirection.

Figure: 1—Selecting method and bank

Figure: 2—Selecting bank among other methods

Figure: 3—Selecting bank among all available banks

Figure: 4—Selecting bank among specific banks

Figure: 5—Redirection to the service of the specific bank

Information about the formats of requests and callbacks used for processing payments by using the Banks of the Philippines method via Payment Page is presented further in this section; general information about working with the Payment Page API is presented in Interaction concepts.

Request format

There are several things you need to consider when sending purchase requests by using the Banks of the Philippines method:

1. The following parameters required for any payment must be specified:
   • project_id—project identifier obtained from ecommpay during integration
   • payment_id—payment identifier unique within the project
   • payment_currency—payment currency code in the ISO-4217 alpha-3 format
   • payment_amount—payment amount in the smallest currency unit
   • customer_id—customer identifier unique within the project
2. The following parameters required for any payment must be specified: project_id, payment_id, payment_currency, payment_amount, customer_id.
3. Additionally, it is recommended to specify the e-mail address of the customer in the parameter customer_email. It may also be required to specify customer first name in the customer_first_name parameter and customer last name in the customer_last_name parameter. Refer to your ecommpay key account manager for more information on the necessity of using theses parameters. If any of these parameters are missing, the payment form may display input fields for entering the missing values (details are available in Submission of additional payment information).

4. The following are the bank selection options:

   1. Selecting the method and the bank on Payment Page (1)—the default option, applied if the force_payment_method parameter and the payment_methods_options object are not used.
   2. Selecting a bank among other methods on Payment Page (2)—for this option in the payment_methods_options object specify the online_philippines_banks object containing the split_banks parameter with the value true:

      "payment_methods_options": "{\"online_philippines_banks\": {\"split_banks\": true}}"

   3. Selecting a bank among all available ones on Payment Page (3)—for this option specify the method code online-philippines-banks in the force_payment_method parameter.
   4. Selecting a bank among specific ones on Payment Page (4)—for this option specify the following:
      • the online-philippines-banks code in the force_payment_method parameter
      • the payment_methods_options object with the online_philippines_banks object that contains the split_banks parameter with the value true and a banks_id object with an array containing the target bank identifiers:

        "payment_methods_options": "{\"online_philippines_banks\": {\"split_banks\": true, \"banks_id\": [2421, 2371]}}"

   5. Confirming redirection to the service of the specific bank on Payment Page (5)—for this option specify the following:
      • the online-philippines-banks code in the force_payment_method parameter
      • the payment_methods_options object with the online_philippines_banks object that contains the split_banks parameter with the value true and a banks_id object with an array containing the target bank identifier:

        "payment_methods_options": "{\"online_philippines_banks\": {\"split_banks\": true, \"banks_id\": [2371]}}"

5. Additionally, any other parameters available for working with Payment Page can be used (details).
6. After all target parameters are specified, generate a signature (details).

Thus, a correct request for opening the payment form using the Banks of the Philippines method must contain the project identifier, basic payment information (identifier, amount, and currency code), customer information and signature.

{
   "project_id": 120,
   "payment_id": "580",
   "payment_amount": 1000,
   "payment_currency": "USD",
   "customer_id": "customer1",
   "customer_email": "test@example.com",
   "customer_first_name": "John",
   "customer_last_name": "Doe",
   "signature": "kUi2x9dKHAVNU0FYldOcZzUCwX6R\/ekpZhkIQg=="
}

{
   "project_id": 120,
   "payment_id": "580",
   "payment_amount": 1000,
   "payment_currency": "USD",
   "customer_id": "customer1",
   "customer_email": "test@example.com",
   "customer_first_name": "John",
   "customer_last_name": "Doe",
   "signature": "kUi2x9dKHAVNU0FYldOcZzUCwX6R\/ekpZhkIQg=="
}

At the same time, in case of selecting a bank among specific banks (4), the request for opening Payment Page may contain additional data.

{
   "project_id": 120,
   "payment_id": "580",
   "payment_amount": 1000,
   "payment_currency": "USD",
   "customer_id": "customer1",
   "customer_email": "test@example.com",
   "customer_first_name": "John",
   "customer_last_name": "Doe",
   "force_payment_method": "online-philippines-banks",
   "payment_methods_options": {"online_philippines_banks": {"split_banks": true, "banks_id": [2421, 2371]}}
   "signature": "kUi2x9dKHAVNU0FYldOcZzUCwX6R\/ekpZhkIQg=="
}

Callback format

The Banks of the Philippines method uses the standard format for callbacks to deliver purchase results. For more information, see Callbacks.

The following is the example of a callback with information about a 10.00 PHP purchase made in the 239 project.

 {
        "project_id": 239,
        "payment": {
            "id": "EPfa87-bcfd",
            "type": "purchase",
            "status": "success",
            "date": "2020-03-06T14:11:00+0000",
            "method": "Philippines banks",
            "sum": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "description": ""
        },
        "operation": {
            "id": 464,
            "type": "sale",
            "status": "success",
            "date": "2020-03-06T14:11:00+0000",
            "created_date": "2020-03-06T14:10:34+0000",
            "request_id": "f6ab99eb0940e43a774b969cb74a88ef08eec6c8951-00000001",
            "sum_initial": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "sum_converted": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "code": "0",
            "message": "Success",
            "provider": {
                "id": 1369,
                "payment_id": "7QKID3P3",
                "auth_code": "",
                "endpoint_id": "BOG",
                "date": "2020-03-06T14:10:54+0000"
            }
        },
        "signature": "YZKXHr2ZdK3tPqiMzPpSJZ...+WGku5dANQAVWPteHKmwzMQ+mvGoA=="
    }
}

The following is the example of a callback with information about a declined purchase.

 {
        "project_id": 239,
        "payment": {
            "id": "EPfa87-bcfc",
            "type": "purchase",
            "status": "decline",
            "date": "2020-03-07T14:11:00+0000",
            "method": "Philippines banks",
            "sum": {
                "amount": 200000000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "description": ""
        },
        "operation": {
            "id": 465,
            "type": "sale",
            "status": "decline",
            "date": "2020-03-07T14:11:00+0000",
            "created_date": "2020-03-06T14:10:34+0000",
            "request_id": "f6ab99eb0940e43a774b969cb74a88ef08eec6c8951-00000002",
            "sum_initial": {
                "amount": 200000000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "sum_converted": {
                "amount": 200000000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "code": "20101",
            "message": "Decline due to amount or frequency limit",
            "provider": {
                "id": 1369,
                "payment_id": "7QKID3P3",
                "auth_code": "",
                "endpoint_id": "BOG",
                "date": "2020-03-06T14:10:54+0000"
            }
        },
        "signature": "YZKXHr2ZdK3tPqiMzPpSJZ...+WGku5dANQAVWPteHKmwzMQ+mvGob=="
    }
}

Useful links

The following articles can be useful when implementing purchases via Payment Page:

• Interaction concepts—about the interaction with the payment platform by using Payment Page.
• Signature generation and verification—about the procedure of generating and verifying signatures in requests and callbacks.
• Payment models and statuses—about the types, processing models, and possible statuses of supported payments and operations.
• One-time one-step purchase—about processing of one-time one-step purchases by using Payment Page.
• Information of operations performing—about error and response codes that are used in the payment platform to record information about performing of operations.

General information

To process a purchase through Gate by using the Banks of the Philippines method, the merchant's web service is required to do the following:

1. Send a request with all the required parameters and signature to the ecommpay URL.
2. Receive an intermediate callback from the payment platform and redirect the customer to the bank service.
3. Receive the final callback from the payment platform.

The full sequence and special aspects of purchase processing are provided below.

Information about the formats of requests and callbacks used for processing payments by using the Banks of the Philippines method via Gate is presented further in this section. General information about working with the Gate API is presented in Interaction concepts.

Request format

There are several things you need to consider when sending purchase requests by using the Banks of the Philippines method:

1. To initiate each purchase, send a separate POST request to the v2/payment/banks/philippines/sale endpoint. This endpoint belongs to the group /v2/payment/banks/{payment_method}/sale.
2. Each request must include the following objects and parameters:
   • Object general—general purchase information:
     • project_id—project identifier obtained from ecommpay during integration
     • payment_id—payment identifier unique within the project
     • signature—request signature generated after all required parameters are specified (details—in the Signature generation and verification) (details)
   • Object payment—payment information:
     • amount—payment amount in the smallest currency unit
     • currency—payment currency code in the ISO-4217 alpha-3 format
   • Object customer—customer information:
     • id—customer identifier unique within the project
     • email—customer email address
     • ip_address—customer IP address relevant for the initiated payment
   • Object account—information on the bank:
     • bank_id—bank identifier
   • Object return_url—contains the URLs to which customer is redirected during or after payment processing:
     • success—URL for redirecting the customer after a successful payment.
3. It may also be required to specify the first name and the last name of the customer in the corresponding parameters:
   • Object customer—customer information:
     • first_name—customer first name
     • last_name—customer last name

   Refer to your ecommpay key cccount manager for more information on the necessity of using theses parameters. If any of these parameters are missing, the payment platform may send the list of missing parameters in a callback requesting additional information submission (details are available in Submission of additional payment information).

4. Additionally, any other parameters included in the specification can be used.

Thus, a correct purchase request by using the Banks of the Philippines method must contain the project identifier, basic payment information (identifier, amount, and currency code), customer information, bank ID and URL for redirection, as well as signature.

{
    "general": {
        "project_id": 580,
        "payment_id": "test_philippines_sale",
        "signature": "pgwRHcfv2OTsdILn33R5Nr/yMx/9FSeIqYHTTd6YhIiLWw=="
    },
    "payment": {
        "amount": 1000,
        "currency": "PHP"
    },
    "customer": {
        "id": "123",
        "email": "test_customer@example.com",
        "ip_address": "192.0.2.0",
        "first_name": "John",
        "last_name": "Doe"
    },
    "account": {
        "bank_id": 2681
    },
    "return_url": {
        "success": "http://example.com/success"
    }
}

{
    "general": {
        "project_id": 580,
        "payment_id": "test_philippines_sale",
        "signature": "pgwRHcfv2OTsdILn33R5Nr/yMx/9FSeIqYHTTd6YhIiLWw=="
    },
    "payment": {
        "amount": 1000,
        "currency": "PHP"
    },
    "customer": {
        "id": "123",
        "email": "test_customer@example.com",
        "ip_address": "192.0.2.0",
        "first_name": "John",
        "last_name": "Doe"
    },
    "account": {
        "bank_id": 2681
    },
    "return_url": {
        "success": "http://example.com/success"
    }
}

Formats of intermediate callbacks for customer redirection

Each payment made with the Banks of the Philippines method requires redirection of customers from the merchant's web service to the bank service. To redirect a customer it is necessary to receive an intermediate callback from the payment platform and use the information included in the redirect_data object. The format of such callbacks is standard (details), and the following objects and parameters are included in the redirect_data object:

• body—object with data to be sent in the request body
• method—parameter specifying the HTTP method for sending the request (GET or POST)
• url—parameter containing a link for redirection

"redirect_data": {
    "body": {},
    "method": "GET",
    "url": "https://test.ph/Pay.aspx?tokenid=3f511c2d&procid=BITC"
  }

Final callback format

The Banks of the Philippines method uses the standard format for callbacks to deliver purchase results. For more information, see Callbacks.

The following is the example of a callback with information about a 10.00 PHP purchase made in the 239 project.

 {
        "project_id": 239,
        "payment": {
            "id": "EPfa87-bcfd",
            "type": "purchase",
            "status": "success",
            "date": "2020-03-06T14:11:00+0000",
            "method": "Philippines banks",
            "sum": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "description": ""
        },
        "operation": {
            "id": 464,
            "type": "sale",
            "status": "success",
            "date": "2020-03-06T14:11:00+0000",
            "created_date": "2020-03-06T14:10:34+0000",
            "request_id": "f6ab99eb0940e43a774b969cb74a88ef08eec6c8951-00000001",
            "sum_initial": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "sum_converted": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "code": "0",
            "message": "Success",
            "provider": {
                "id": 1369,
                "payment_id": "7QKID3P3",
                "auth_code": "",
                "endpoint_id": "BOG",
                "date": "2020-03-06T14:10:54+0000"
            }
        },
        "signature": "YZKXHr2ZdK3tPqiMzPpSJZ...+WGku5dANQAVWPteHKmwzMQ+mvGoA=="
    }
}

The following is the example of a callback with information about a declined purchase.

 {
        "project_id": 239,
        "payment": {
            "id": "EPfa87-bcfc",
            "type": "purchase",
            "status": "decline",
            "date": "2020-03-07T14:11:00+0000",
            "method": "Philippines banks",
            "sum": {
                "amount": 200000000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "description": ""
        },
        "operation": {
            "id": 465,
            "type": "sale",
            "status": "decline",
            "date": "2020-03-07T14:11:00+0000",
            "created_date": "2020-03-06T14:10:34+0000",
            "request_id": "f6ab99eb0940e43a774b969cb74a88ef08eec6c8951-00000002",
            "sum_initial": {
                "amount": 200000000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "sum_converted": {
                "amount": 200000000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "code": "20101",
            "message": "Decline due to amount or frequency limit",
            "provider": {
                "id": 1369,
                "payment_id": "7QKID3P3",
                "auth_code": "",
                "endpoint_id": "BOG",
                "date": "2020-03-06T14:10:54+0000"
            }
        },
        "signature": "YZKXHr2ZdK3tPqiMzPpSJZ...+WGku5dANQAVWPteHKmwzMQ+mvGob=="
    }
}

Useful links

The following articles can be useful when implementing purchases via Gate:

• Interaction concepts—about the interaction with the payment platform by using Gate.
• Signature generation and verification—about the procedure of generating and verifying signatures in requests and callbacks.
• Payment models and statuses—about the types, processing models, and possible statuses of supported payments and operations.
• One-time one-step purchase—about processing of one-time one-step purchases by using Payment Page.
• Information of operations performing—about error and response codes that are used in the payment platform to record information about performing of operations.

General information

To process a payout through Gate by using the Banks of the Philippines method, send a request with all required parameters and signature to the ecommpay URL and receive a callback with the result. The full sequence and special aspects of payout processing are provided below.

Information about the formats of requests and callbacks used for processing payouts by using the Banks of the Philippines method via Gate is presented further in this section. General information about working with the Gate API is presented in Interaction concepts.

Request format

There are several things you need to consider when sending payout requests by using the Banks of the Philippines method:

1. To initiate each payout send a separate POST request to the /v2/payment/banks/philippines/payout endpoint. This endpoint belongs to the group /v2/payment/banks/{payment_method}/payout.
2. Each request must include the following objects and parameters:
   • Object general—general payout information:
     • project_id—project identifier obtained from ecommpay during integration
     • payment_id—payment identifier unique within the project
     • signature—request signature generated after all required parameters are specified (details—in the Signature generation and verification) details
   • Object payment—payment information:
     • amount—payout amount in the smallest currency unit
     • currency—payout currency code in the ISO-4217 alpha-3 format
     • description—payout description
   • customer—object that contains customer information:
     • id—customer identifier unique within the project
     • ip_address—customer IP address relevant for the initiated payout
   • Object account—customer account information:
     • bank_id—bank ID
     • customer_name—bank account holder's name
     • number—customer account number
3. The currency of payout can only be PHP.
4. Additionally, any other parameters included in the specification can be used.

Thus, a correct payout request by using the Banks of the Philippines method must contain the project identifier, basic payment information (identifier, amount, and currency code), customer and account information, as well as signature.

{
  "general": {
    "project_id": 445,
    "payment_id": "1000003",
    "signature": "PJkV8ej\/UG0Di8hTng6fBaNIipTv+AWoXW\/9MTO8yJA=="
  },
 "customer": {
    "id": "123",
    "ip_address": "192.0.2.0"
  },
  "payment": {
    "amount": 1000,
    "currency": "PHP",
    "description": "Payout description"
  },
    "account": {
    "bank_id": 486,
    "customer_name": "John Doe",
    "number": "1670033323"
  }
}

{
  "general": {
    "project_id": 445,
    "payment_id": "1000003",
    "signature": "PJkV8ej\/UG0Di8hTng6fBaNIipTv+AWoXW\/9MTO8yJA=="
  },
 "customer": {
    "id": "123",
    "ip_address": "192.0.2.0"
  },
  "payment": {
    "amount": 1000,
    "currency": "PHP",
    "description": "Payout description"
  },
    "account": {
    "bank_id": 486,
    "customer_name": "John Doe",
    "number": "1670033323"
  }
}

Callback format

In the Banks of the Philippines method, the callbacks that deliver payout results use the standard format described in Callbacks.

Note that unlike other payment methods, in the Banks of the Philippines method, the callbacks contain the name of bank passed in the endpoint_id parameter of the operation.provider object. (For more detailed information about banks and their codes, see List of banks.)

The following is the example of a callback with information about a 10.00 PHP payout made for account 1670033323 of the Banco de Oro CA/SA bank for the 123 customer in the 445 project.

 {
        "project_id": 445,
        "payment": {
            "id": "100011",
            "type": "payout",
            "status": "success",
            "date": "2019-03-18T08:06:13+0000",
            "method": "Philippines banks",
            "sum": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "description": "payout"
        },
        "account": {
            "number": "1670033323"
        },
        "customer": {
            "id": "123"
        },
        "operation": {
            "id": 147,
            "type": "payout",
            "status": "success",
            "date": "2019-03-18T08:06:13+0000",
            "created_date": "2019-03-18T08:06:06+0000",
            "request_id": "9499286583e3d1102f752a9cd47d2fb7469cc613e11",
            "sum_initial": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "sum_converted": {
                "amount": 1000,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "provider": {
                "id": 1346,
                "payment_id": "6Q2G5D83",
                "date": "2019-03-18T08:06:11+0000",
                "auth_code": "",
                "endpoint_id": "BDO"
            },
            "code": "0",
            "message": "Success"
        },
        "signature": "oFGfjOtZZkFxi7Pd1yikCw01b0BsedgKr8z/E8qfizh1A=="
    }

The following is the example of a callback with information about a declined payout.

{
        "project_id": 445,
        "payment": {
            "id": "100014",
            "type": "payout",
            "status": "decline",
            "date": "2019-03-18T10:49:50+0000",
            "method": "Philippines banks",
            "sum": {
                "amount": 900,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "description": "payout"
        },
        "account": {
            "number": "1670033323"
        },
        "customer": {
            "id": "123"
        },
        "operation": {
            "id": 148,
            "type": "payout",
            "status": "decline",
            "date": "2019-03-18T10:49:51+0000",
            "created_date": "2019-03-18T10:49:46+0000",
            "request_id": "d626cece0855a8863f687985e6c57935d9872183c",
            "sum_initial": {
                "amount": 900,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "sum_converted": {
                "amount": 900,
                "currency": "PHP"
            },
            "provider": {
                "id": 1346,
                "payment_id": "YDK0QS4X",
                "auth_code": ""
            },
            "code": "20101",
            "message": "Decline due to amount or frequency limit"
        },
        "signature": "fz0Yu5BFLRLJez747kDfZHgmKGIOgMa5DAzPE/4GLWlZSzCwkdkqyrTqUQvLp6A=="
    }

Useful links

The following articles can be useful when implementing payouts via Gate:

• Interaction concepts—about the interaction with the payment platform by using Gate.
• Signature generation and verification—about the procedure of generating and verifying signatures in requests and callbacks.
• Payment models and statuses—about the types, processing models, and possible statuses of supported payments and operations.
• Payouts—about processing of payouts by using Gate.
• Information of operations performing—about error and response codes that are used in the payment platform to record information about performing of operations.